Glossary

 Beam

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 * 1 a** **:** a long piece of heavy often squared timber suitable for use in construction **b** **:** a wood or metal cylinder in a loom on which the warp is wound **c** **:** the part of a plow to which handles, standard, and coulter are attached **d** **:** the bar of a balance from which scales hang **e** **:** one of the principal horizontal supporting members (as of a building or ship) 

Citadel ** A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle. Source: This information was taken from []

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 Community Traditionally a " community " has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household. The word can also refer to the national community or global community. Source: This definition was taken from []

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Map

Source: This definition was taken from []
 * 1 a** **:** a representation usually on a flat surface of the whole or a part of an area **b** **:** a representation of the celestial sphere or a part of it

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Metropolitan Area

A ** metropolitan area ** is a large population center consisting of a large metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence, or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central cities and their zone of influence. One or more large cities may serve as its hub or hubs, and the metropolitan area is normally named after either the largest or most important central city within it. Source: This definition was taken from [] media type="file" key="metropolitan area.wma" width="300" height="45"



Model

**1** : a usually miniature representation of something; //also//: a pattern of something to be made Source: This definition was taken from []
 * 2** **:** structural design 
 * 3** **:** //obsolete//: a set of plans for a building

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Neighborhood

A **neighbourhood** or ** neighborhood ** (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town or suburb. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members.

Source: This definition was taken for []

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Palace

A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. In many parts of Europe, the term is also applied to relatively large urban buildings built as the private mansions of the aristocracy. Many historic palace s are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavishly ornate building used for public entertainment or exhibitions. Source: This definition was taken from []

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Public Space



A ** public space ** refers to an area or place that is open and accessible to all citizens, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age or socio-economic level.Most streets, including the pavement are considered public space , as are town squares or parks. Government buildings, such as public libraries and many other similar buildings are also public space. However, not all state-owned buildings fall under such a definition.

Some parks, malls, waiting rooms, etc, are closed at night. As this does not exclude any specific group, it is generally not considered a restriction on public use. Entry to public parks can be restricted based upon a user's residence. Source This definition was copied from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_space

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Satellite City



A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to miniature metropolitan areas on the fringe of larger ones. Satellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a large metropolis, that: Predate that metropolis' suburban expansion; Are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially; Are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory; satellite cities should have their own independent urbanized area, or equivalent; Have their own bedroom communities; Have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city" neighborhoods; May or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis' Combined Statistical Area Source: This information was taken from []

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Sidewalk Source: this definition was taken from [] media type="file" key="sidewalk.wma" width="300" height="45"
 * Is a usually paved walk for pedestrians at the side of a street



Street Furniture

** Street furniture ** is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed on streets and roads for various purposes, including traffic barrier, benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes, streetlamps, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, fountains, watering troughs and memorials, and waste receptacles. An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety. Source: This definition was taken from [] media type="file" key="street furniture.wma" width="300" height="45"

Topography **1 a** **:** the art or practice of graphic delineation in detail usually on maps or charts of natural and man-made features of a place or region especially in a way to show their relative positions and elevations **b** **:** topographical surveying Source: This definition was taken from [] media type="file" key="topography.wma" width="300" height="45"
 * 2 a** **:** the configuration of a surface including its relief and the position of its natural and man-made features

 Urban Heat Island

An ** urban heat island ** (**UHI**) is a metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. The main cause of the urban heat island is modification of the land surface by urban development which uses materials which effectively retain heat. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As population centers grow they tend to modify a greater and greater area of land and have a corresponding increase in average temperature. Source: This information was taken from [] media type="file" key="urban heat island.wma" width="300" height="45"

Urban Planner



Source: This definition was taken from [|http://en.wikipe]
 * urban planner** is a professional who works in the field of urban planning for the purpose of maximizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for the development and management of urban and suburban areas, typically analyzing land use compatibility as well as economic, environmental and social trends.

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Urban Structure

** Urban structure ** is the arrangement of land use in urban areas. Urban structure can also refer to the urban spatial structure, which concerns the arrangement of public and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility. Source: This definition was taken from [] media type="file" key="urban structure.wma" width="300" height="45"

<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">Ventilation

Source: This information was taken from []
 * 1** **:** the act or process of [|ventilating]
 * 2 a** **:** circulation of air <a room with good ventilation **3** **:** a system or means of providing fresh airn>

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<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Village

Source: This information was taken from []
 * 1** **:** a settlement usually larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town **b** **:** an incorporated minor municipality
 * 2** **:** a territorial area having the status of a village especially as a unit of local government

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<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Wall Source> Was definition was taken from []
 * 1 a** **:** a high thick masonry structure forming a long rampart or an enclosure chiefly for defense —often used in plural **b** **:** a masonry fence around a garden, park, or estate **c** **:** a structure that serves to hold back pressure (as of water or sliding earth)
 * 2** **:** one of the sides of a room or building connecting floor and ceiling or foundation and roof
 * 3** **:** the side of a footpath next to buildings
 * 4** **:** an extreme or desperate position or a state of defeat, failure, or ruin <the surrounded troops had their backs against the wall > <small companies driven to the wall >
 * 5** **:** a material layer enclosing space <heart wall //s//>
 * 6** **:** something resembling a wall (as in appearance, function, or effect); //especially// **:** something that acts as a barrier or defense

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Zoning

Zoning is a device of land use regulation used by local governments in most developed countries. The word is derived from the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another. Zoning may be use-based (regulating the uses to which land may be put), or it may regulate building height, lot coverage, and similar characteristics, or some combination of these. Source: This information was taken from [] media type="file" key="zoning.wma"